Al-Andalus, the Iberian Islamic civilisation centred on Cordoba in the tenth and eleventh centuries, has been a 'lost' civilisation in several respects. Its history suppressed or denied for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it was regarded as a kind of 'historical parenthesis' with no lasting influence. Over the past 25 years, however, the history and archaeology of the Islamic period in the Iberian peninsula has undergone a complete transformation. Lost Civilisation? presents an introduction to this debate as it has played out in archaeology, taking a comparative civilisations approach that puts the formation of Al-Andalus in context with corresponding developments elsewhere in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.